Book IX Print 3: Public protest against Cuban RepublicYale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives1960 JuneengspaPublic protest on the Malecón (Sea Wall) of Havana at which a bonfire is made of a tall wooden effigy representing the Cuban Republic. Small images depict corrupt politicians, the cultural decadence of the period and a black coffin with the face of a skeleton refers to cycles of state terror and violence against Cuban citizens. The effigy is being shown as it is torched and later as it burns before a sizeable crowd of thousands. This rally was one of many public demonstrations held in the summer and fall of 1960 in order to celebrate the Cuban government's decision to nationalize U.S.-owned businesses and properties in Cuba. See also Print 1.