"A sequel to British Museum Satires No. 10518, Gillray's 'Tiddy-Doll'. Napoleon, haggard and desperate, wearing tattered uniform without the former apron and sword, walks in profile to the left, carrying on his head a large tray. On this stand three gingerbread kings, burlesqued and mutilated, with two queens, a detached head (crowned), and (right) a pile of imperial emblems: crowns, mitre, sceptre, eagle, flag, &c. On the left a bonnet rouge hangs from a staff. In the middle stands an imperial eagle with a tricolour flag to which is tied a broom showing that the contents of the tray are for sale. Napoleon says (with grimly closed mouth): "Buy my Image! Here's my nice little Gingerbread Emperor & Kings Retail and for Exportation!" Behind him is a tumbledown thatched hovel; over an aperture where more gingerbread figures are displayed is a board: 'Tiddy-Doll Gingerbread Baker. NB Removed from Paris.' Above fly three of the (carrion) birds associated in these prints with Elba. Napoleon walks towards the sea; across the water (in France) tiny figures dance holding hands round a white flag inscribed 'Vivent les Bourbons' and topped by a fleur-de-lis. Behind them is the gable-end of a rustic inn: 'The Kings Head New Revived'. A fiddler capers on the edge of the cliff, watching Napoleon."--British Museum online catalogue and "One of many satires on Napoleon's banishment, see British Museum Satires No. 12229, &c., and on the fall of the Bonaparte kings, the 'Corsican Kinglings' of British Museum Satires No. 10518. The Kings must be Joseph, Louis, and Jérôme, see British Museum Satires No. 12225, the Queens either their wives or Napoleon's sisters; they symbolize the fall of the dynasty and no precise identification is necessary. The other kings of British Museum Satires No. 10518, those who owed their crowns to Napoleon, are absent; they are now his enemies."--Curator's comments, British Museum online catalogue
Description:
Title etched below image., Artist "G.H." identified as George Humphrey in the British Museum catalogue., Sheet trimmed within plate mark., and On verso in brown ink is the collector's stamp of Nick Knowles: A pair of crossed skis.
Publisher:
Pubd. April 21st, 1814, by H. Humphrey, St. James's Street
Subject (Name):
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821, Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, 1768-1844, Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland, 1778-1846, and Jérôme Bonaparte, King of Westphalia, 1784-1860
Subject (Topic):
Elba and the Hundred Days, 1814-1815, Military uniforms, French, Baked products, Trays, Kings, Queens, Crowns, Scepters, Miters, Liberty cap, Flags, Brooms & brushes, Birds of prey, Bodies of water, and Cliffs
"Brougham stands in profile to the left, selling brooms; he holds up one, two are under his left arm. He wears a barrister's wig and bands, with a small conical cap tied under the chin, a tight-fitting bodice, and a full petticoat to the knee, showing flat feet and large and ill-formed legs in black stockings. The dress is that of the German and Flemish girls who sold brooms in the London streets ..."--British Museum online catalogue
Description:
Title etched below image., Attributed to George Cruikshank in the British Museum catalogue., On verso in brown ink is the collector's stamp of Nick Knowles: A pair of crossed skis., and Watermark: J. Whatman 1825.
Publisher:
Pubd. May 13th, 1825, by G. Humphrey, 24 St. James's St. St. [sic]
Subject (Name):
Brougham and Vaux, Henry Brougham, Baron, 1778-1868
"Lord Grantham, in military uniform, wielding the club of Hercules, inscribed 'L G his cane', stands with legs astride, threatening Wooler (left), a tiny 'Black Dwarf, as in British Museum Satires No. 12892, who registers extreme rage or terror. Grantham has enormous moustaches, which fly upwards on each side of his head. A lion's skin hangs from his shoulders, with a solid head which snarls savagely. He wears a bell-shaped shako, long tight trousers strapped under boots, and immense spurs. His left arm, terminating in a huge fist, is extended horizontally. On the left a knock-kneed yokel with bristling moustaches and wearing the cap of a Death's Head hussar, grins in oafish delight, saying, "Well done Col.! well done our side!!! my Zoul! what Honnor this will bring upon our Corpse!!! and if any more Dwarfs or Devils attack's our Regemunt Lord Grant'them all the zame fate, I zay!!" Wooler stands among piles of his paper, 'Black Dwarf', some of which have various inscriptions: 'Strictures on the York Hussars'; 'York you are not wanted'; 'The Devil to Pay'; 'a Lame Story to the Yellow Bonze at Japan'; 'universal Suffrage'; and (adapting 'As You Like It'), 'Then a Soldier, full of Strong Oaths & bearded like the Pard Jealous in Honor Sudden & quick in quarrel seeking the bubble Reputation Ev'n in the printing office'. He wears an ink-pot for hat, with three large pen-feathers; at his waist is a tricolour cockade. On the wall behind him is a framed picture of 'The Yellow Bonze', a grotesque imp, squatting with outspread fingers, and registering surprise. Below is a broadside headed by figures hanging from a gallows."--British Museum online catalogue
Alternative Title:
Lord G- & the printers devil and Lord Grantham & the printers devil
Description:
Title etched below image., "Lord Grantham" written in ink by a contemporary hand., and Mounted to: 22 x 26.5 cm.
Publisher:
Pubd. by G. Humphrey, 27 St. James's St.
Subject (Name):
De Grey, Thomas Philip De Grey, Earl, 1781-1859 and Wooler, T. J. 1786?-1853 (Thomas Jonathan),
Subject (Topic):
Military uniforms, Clubs (Weapons), Dwarfs, and Hides & skins
"The Regent, as Macheath, wearing military uniform and heavily shackled, stands between Mrs. Fitzherbert, who kneels at his feet (left) removing his leg-irons, and Lady Hertford (right), who stands beside him taking the fetters from his wrists (inscribed 'Restri[ctions]'), He sings "How happy could I be with either." Mrs. Fitzherbert, a long rosary dangling from her waist, says: "The Benediction of His Holiness light on the Defender of Our Faith." Lady Hertford, sultana-like in a jewelled turban, says: "You heard of the Row & the Rowly Powly Song before Our house the Other Night?!!" Behind and on the right Eldon stands full-face between Perceval and McMahon, who face each other in profile. Perceval, in his Chancellor of the Exchequer's gown, and holding a brief-bag, says: "The Greys won't move without their own Coachman tho the Brewer [Whitbread] has offerd his black to do the dirty Work." Eldon, in a huge wig, holds the Purse of the Great Seal; he says: "We must hire Jobs for the Night Work but we are Pro' Rogued." McMahon, in military uniform, has a number of ribbons and stars hanging over his arm; he says: "These Garters & Ribbonds are all returned." On the wall are two pictures: George Hanger, bestriding his pony (as in No. 8889) with a burly bailiff seated behind him, rides in the direction of a sign-post, with a noose hanging from it, pointing 'To the Kings Bench'. This is 'George & his Hanger On, takeing a ride together to a Lodging in Surry'. The other is Sheridan as Bacchus, but dressed as Harlequin (cf. British Museum Satires No. 9916), bestriding a cask of 'Old Sherry'."--British Museum online catalogue
Alternative Title:
Polly & Lucy taking off the restrictions, Polly and Lucy takeing off the restrictions, and Polly and Lucy taking off the restrictions
Description:
Title etched below image. and Watermark: J. Whatman.
Publisher:
Published March 1812 by J. Jonhston, 98 Cheapside
Subject (Name):
Gay, John, 1685-1732., George IV, King of Great Britain, 1762-1830, Hertford, Isabella Anne Ingram-Seymour-Conway, Marchioness of, 1760-1834, Fitzherbert, Maria Anne, 1756-1837, Perceval, Spencer, 1762-1812, Eldon, John Scott, Earl of, 1751-1838, McMahon, John, approximately 1754-1817, Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816, Hanger, George, 1751?-1824, Grey, Charles Grey, Earl, 1764-1845., Whitbread, Samuel, 1764-1815., and Dionysus (Greek deity),
Subject (Topic):
Harlequin (Fictitious character), Military uniforms, British, Shackles, Religious articles, Turbans, Wigs, Bags, and Pictures
"The Tsar and his sister walking arm-in-arm are stopped by a coarse-looking woman (right) who flings her arms round his neck and kisses him avidly, while a yokel (left) takes the hand of the Grand Duchess. The woman exclaims to a fat friend (right), who watches with a broad grin: "There Sal, I can boast of what none of the Bitches of Billinsgate can, having kissed the Kings Emperor of all the Russian Bears, & he is the sweetest modestest mildest Gentleman I ever Kissed in all my life." The countryman wears a short smock with breeches and wrinkled gaiters, and has the coarse carbuncled features of a John Bull in these prints. He says, grinning: "Dang it when I goes back & tells The folks in our Village of this, Law how they will envy I, ha ha!" The Tsar and his sister smile amiably. Behind (left), another woman runs after a bearded Cossack eager to kiss him. There is a landscape background, probably indicating Hyde Park, cf. British Museum Satires No. 12285."--British Museum online catalogue
Alternative Title:
Blessings of universal peace
Description:
Title etched below image. and With S.W. Fores blind stamp: S.W.F.
Publisher:
Pubd. July 11th, 1814, by S.W. Fores, Piccadilly
Subject (Geographic):
Russia and England.
Subject (Name):
Alexander I, Emperor of Russia, 1777-1825 and Katharina, Queen, consort of William I, King of Württemberg, 1788-1819
Published May 4, 1818, by G. Humphrey, 27 St. James's St., nephew & successor to the late Mrs. H. Humphrey
Subject (Name):
Elizabeth, Princess of England, 1770-1840, Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, Caricatures and cartoons., George IV, King of Great Britain, 1762-1830, William IV, King of Great Britain, 1765-1837, Hertford, Isabella Anne Ingram-Seymour-Conway, Marchioness of, 1760-1834, Frederick Augustus, Prince, Duke of York and Albany, 1763-1827, Frederica Charlotte Ulrica Catherina, Princess, Duchess of York, 1767-1820, William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester, 1776-1834, Mary, Duchess of Gloucester, 1776-1857, Augustus Frederick, Prince, Duke of Sussex, 1773-1843, Edward Augustus, Prince, Duke of Kent, 1767-1820, Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, 1771-1851, and Charlotte, Queen, consort of George III, King of Great Britain, 1744-1818
Subject (Topic):
Ethnic stereotypes, Dance, Obesity, Military uniforms, Drinking vessels, Musical instruments, Dogs, and Pipes (Smoking)
"Illustration to 'The Empire of the Nairs', pp. 175-9, referring to verses published in the 'Scourge', iii. 313-18, 456-61, 'The H- [Hertford] Dynasty, or the Empire of the Nairs', suggested by the romance of J.H. Lawrence, 'The Empire of the Nairs', 1811 (published in German in 1811, and afterwards in French), with an introduction seriously advocating the introduction of these customs into England. The Nairs (or Nayars) were a military caste of Malabar who practised polyandry. The plate is not elucidated. Lady Hertford reclines in an ornate bath, into which water gushes from the jaws of a monster which decorates the pedestal of a Venus. The bath is raised on a triple dais and backed by the pillars and canopy which frame the Venus forming the centre of the design. The Regent, in royal robes, ascends the steps of the dais, poised on his toes like a ballet-dancer, and places a crownlike marquis's coronet on the head of Lady Hertford who leans towards him, her enormous breasts appearing over the edge of the bath. She says: "I proclaim the Freedom of the Sex & the Supremacy of Love." Lord Hertford, who bestrides the pedestal, looks down delightedly from behind the statue of Venus. He has horns, and holds his Chamberlain's staff. The water pours from the bath through the nostrils of a bull's head with which it is ornamented, and falls in a triple cascade into a circular basin in the centre foreground. On each side of the statue of Venus and flanking the dais is a statue in a niche: 'Aspasia' (left) and 'Messalina' (right); both are disrobing. Near the fountain (right) a hideous hag, naked to the waist, crouches before a tall brazier in which she burns a 'Mantle of Modesty'. The building appears to be circular, an arc of the wall forming a background on each side of the centre-piece. On this are tablets inscribed respectively 'Hic Jacet Perdita' [Mary Robinson, the Prince's first mistress, see No. 5767, &c.]; 'Hic Jacet Armstead' [Mrs. Fox, who had been the Prince's mistress, cf. No. 10589]; 'Hic J[acet] Vauxhall Bess' [Elizabeth Billington, see British Museum Satires No. 9970; her mother sang at Vauxhall, see British Museum Satires No. 6853]. In the foreground on the extreme right a buxom young woman puts her arms round the Duke of Cumberland, saying, "I'll go to Cumberland"; he walks off with her, to the fury of an admiral just behind the lady who clutches his sword and is seemingly her husband. Cumberland wears hussar uniform with a shako and fur-bordered dolman, with a star and a large sabre. A meretricious-looking young woman (? Mrs. Carey) puts her arms round the Duke of York, saying, "And I to York." The Duke, who wears uniform with a cocked hat and no sword, looks down quizzically at her. Behind him a tall thin officer in hussar uniform bends towards Princess Charlotte, taking her hand; he says: "Sure & I'll go to Wales." She runs eagerly towards him. As a pendant to these figures, Grenadiers stand at attention on the left, holding bayoneted muskets; they have huge noses, and smile at a buxom lady wearing spurred boots who addresses them with outstretched arm, saying, "And you for Buckinghamshire." At her feet is an open book: 'Slawkenberges Chapr on Noses' [from Sterne's Slawkenbergius, imaginary author of a Rabelaisian fantasy in 'Tristram Shandy']. They have a standard with the word 'Buckin ...' on it. Behind the Prince (left) stands Tom Moore, looking up at the coronation; he holds an open book: 'Little Poems / Ballad . . .' He says: "I'll give you one Little Song More [see British Museum Satires No. 12082]." Behind him stands Mrs. Jordan, placing a chamber-pot on the head of the Duke of Clarence, who wears admiral's uniform with trousers."--British Museum online catalogue
Description:
Title etched below image., Plate from: The Scourge, or, Monthly expositor of imposture and folly. London: W. Jones, v. 4 (September 1812), page 173., and Sheet trimmed within plate mark.
Publisher:
Pubd. September 1st, 1812, by W.N. Jones, No. 5 Newgate St.
Subject (Name):
George IV, King of Great Britain, 1762-1830, Hertford, Francis Ingram Seymour, Marquess of, 1743-1822, Hertford, Isabella Anne Ingram-Seymour-Conway, Marchioness of, 1760-1834, Frederick Augustus, Prince, Duke of York and Albany, 1763-1827, Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, 1771-1851, Charlotte Augusta, Princess of Great Britain, 1796-1817, William IV, King of Great Britain, 1765-1837, Jordan, Dorothy, 1761-1816, Robinson, Mary, 1758-1800., Fox, Elizabeth Bridget, 1750-1842., Billington, Elizabeth, 1765-1818., and Venus (Roman deity),
"Plate to the 'Scourge', iv, before p. 349. An illustration to 'Elections in the Isle of Borneo', pp. 349-55, relating a dream in which the Prince chooses his Ministers and Household officers according to their proficiency in adultery. A sequel to British Museum Satires No. 11899. The Regent is enthroned under a canopy in the centre of a long platform backed by the pillars of Carlton House. Below is the cobbled street, with passers-by and spectators whose heads are just below the platform, so that the figures are arranged in two tiers. The Regent's throne is on a triple dais; he puts one arm round the waist of Lady Hertford who sits on his knee, holding at arms' length a brimming goblet. She puts her right arm round his neck, and also supports herself by placing a finger on the branching antlers of her husband, who stands in his chamberlain's robes, and holding his wand of office, beside the dais, at which he points with a complacent grin. He says: "My gracious Master is personelly acquainted with my merits, they live in his bosom, & he will reward me, according to my Deserts." Lady Hertford wears a spiky crown, and her vast spherical breasts are divided by a jewel in the form of the Prince's feathers with his motto 'Ich Dien.' The drapery over the throne is centred by the crowned skull of a stag, with wide antlers; in its nostrils is a ring from which a birch-rod hangs above the Prince's head. A grinning demon, standing on the antlers, straddles across the crown, holding up the drapery. On the left of the throne the Duke of York, in uniform with cavalry boots, his hand on his sword, stands swaggeringly. A woman clutches his arm and whispers in his ear; beside them is a basket containing three infants and inscribed 'Mother Careys Chickin' [see British Museum Satires No. 11050]. He says: "I was turned out of the Office I now solicit because I was too fond of a married Woman [Mrs. Clarke, see British Museum Satires No. 11216, &c.] & could not live without commiting Adultery I claim therefore to be once more elevated to the Office of Commander in Cheif." Behind Lord Hertford (and a pendant to Mrs. Carey) stands an elderly posturing peer, wearing a star, his hands deprecatingly extended. He says: "As for business I never had a Headfor't but I have laid the Country under a Massy load of Obligations in other respects Adultery is my Motto so give me ******ship of the H-." Next (right) is a group of three: the Duke of Cumberland in outlandish Death's Head Hussar uniform holding a sabre with a notched blade and seemingly dripping blood, though not so coloured. He stands between two young women; one, holding his arm, brandishes a razor over her head, the other holds a paper called 'Nugent'. The Duke says: "Considering my Exploits you cannot do less than make me a Field Marshal." On the extreme right is the Duke of Clarence in admiral's uniform with trousers, pointing to a broken chamber-pot ('Jordan') decorated with a crown and containing seven children, two in uniform. Mrs. Jordan takes him affectionately by the arm. He points downwards, saying, "I have lived in Adultery with an actress 25 years & have a pretty Number of illegetimate Children. I hope you will make me an Admiral of the Fleets." On the extreme left McMahon, dwarfish and ugly, stoops over the edge of the platform, pouring coins from a bag marked 'P P' [reversed letters], for Privy Purse (or Pimp), into the apron of a hideous bawd who grins up at him. He says: "Let her be forty at least, plump & Sprightly." Next stands Lord Yarmouth, wearing a star, his hands in his pockets, scowling at a young woman who puts her hands on his shoulders; he says: "Confound my Wishers if Venus alias Fanny Anny [Fagniani] may not go to Juno----I'm Vice all over. Let me con tinue so." Next is a tall man wearing a long driving-coat with a star and a small rakish top-hat (? Lord Melbourne); one leg terminates in a cloven hoof. He stands between two disreputable women of the lowest St. Giles type, ragged and hideous, an arm across the shoulders of each; both offer him drink, one takes him by the chin. A third and younger woman sits on the ground at his feet, drinking from a bottle. He says: "As for me my Name is sufficient, I am known as the Paragon of Debauchery and I only claim to be the-s [Regent's] Confidential Friend." On the ground (left to right) are the bawd receiving money from McMahon, a ragged dustman with the curved shin-bones then known as 'cheese-cutters', a result of rickets; George Hanger, with his bludgeon under his arm (cf. British Museum Satires No. 8889, &c.), saying, "Hang her She's quite Drunk"; Augustus Barry, grotesquely thin and very rakish, with long coat, standing with widely splayed-out feet. These three stare up at the throne, Barry looking through an eye-glass. A ragged, sub-human creature picks Barry's pocket, taking a paper: 'A Sermon to be Preached at Cripple gate by Revd Honble A Newgate'. A blind beggar (? a sailor) walks with a stick, and a dog on a string, holding out his tattered hat. A Quaker-like figure stares up at the platform where the legs of the seated prostitute hang over its edge, as does a beggar boy with badly twisted legs. Next, a fashionably dressed man and woman shake hands, bending to stare into each other's face. He takes her left hand. His dress resembles that of the dandy of a few years later: shock of hair, exaggerated neck-cloth, hussar-pattern trousers, and long tail-coat. The centre figure in this lower row is John Bull looking up angrily over his shoulder at the prostitute, and pushing away to the right three young girls; he says to them: "Get away get away, if you go near the Platform you'll be ruined." His bull-dog looks pugnaciously up at the platform. A tall emaciated cavalry soldier speaks to a woman in a poke-bonnet, while a little ragged boy clasps the long horse-tail which hangs from his helmet. On the extreme right is Sheridan in (ragged) Harlequin's dress (cf. British Museum Satires No. 9916), moribund or drunk, supported between two top-booted bailiffs; one holds a writ and says "Poor fellow his Magic wand is broken." On the ground lies his wooden sword in two pieces, one inscribed 'M', the other 'P'; at his feet is a paper: 'Princely Promises'."--British Museum online catalogue
Alternative Title:
Election in the island of Borneo
Description:
Title etched below image., Plate from: The Scourge, or, Monthly expositor of imposture and folly. London: W. Jones, v. 4 (October 1812), page 349., Sheet trimmed within plate mark., Window mounted to 36 x 51 cm., and Mounted opposite page 318 (leaf numbered '143' in pencil) in volume 2 of an extra-illustrated copy of: Moore, T. Memoirs of the life of the Right Honourable Richard Brinsley Sheridan.
Publisher:
Published November 1st, 1812, by W.N. Jones, No. 5 Newgate Street
Subject (Name):
George IV, King of Great Britain, 1762-1830, Hertford, Francis Ingram Seymour, Marquis of, 1743-1822, Hertford, Isabella Anne Ingram-Seymour-Conway, Marchioness of, 1760-1834, Frederick Augustus, Prince, Duke of York and Albany, 1763-1827, Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, 1771-1851, William IV, King of Great Britain, 1765-1837, Jordan, Dorothy, 1761-1816, McMahon, John, approximately 1754-1817, Hertford, Francis Charles Seymour-Conway, Marquess of, 1777-1842, Melbourne, Peniston Lamb, Viscount, 1745-1828, Hanger, George, 1751?-1824, Barry, Augustus, Honble., 1773-1818, Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816, and Carlton House (London, England),
Subject (Topic):
Harlequin (Fictitious character), John Bull (Symbolic character), Dustmen, Thrones, Canopies, Columns, Adultery, Antlers, Cobblestone streets, Demons, Military uniforms, Baskets, Infants, Daggers & swords, Poor persons, Pickpockets, Beggars, Staffs (Sticks), Prostitutes, Soldiers, and British
"The base of the design is a dunghill from which rises the head of Napoleon as a young republican officer, not caricatured. His head is covered by a large cup-shaped fungus, decorated with a tricolour cockade and resembling a Cap of Liberty; from its apex ascends a curving stalk, terminating in the large yellow rosette of a sunflower, centred by the head of Napoleon as Emperor, larger than that of the base, and representing an older man; like the lower one it is directed slightly to the right. Below it, leaves project from the stalk, balancing the design. On Napoleon's head is an arrangement of stamens in the form of an imperial crown. These unite to form the long scraggy neck of the third Napoleon, a head in profile to the right, emaciated and desperate. On this head is a larger fungus than that below, projecting like an enormous hat. From it ascend the stems of a bunch of violets, copied from No. 12511, but with the addition of more flowers, and on a larger scale. It contains the profiles of Napoleon, Marie Louise, and the King of Rome, arranged exactly as in British Museum Satires No. 12511. Smaller fungi sprout from the dunghill, some flat and some conical, like caps of Liberty; on the latter tricolour cockades are indicated. Four little figures are on a slope (left) leading towards the dunghill, prepared to clear it away. In front are Blücher and Wellington, running forward, and talking to each other; one holds a spade, the other a broad hoe. Behind them is the Tsar, shouldering a pickaxe. Behind again stands Louis XVIII, with splayed gouty legs, supported on a crutch. He waves his hat to cheer them on."--British Museum online catalogue
Alternative Title:
Pedigree of Corporal Violet
Description:
Title etched below image., Text below title: First as a Consular Toadstool, rising from a Corsican Dunghill, then changing to an Imperial Sun Flower, from that to an Elba Fungus and lastly to a bunch of Violets, which are disposed as to represent a whole length of profile of Buonaparte, with a bust of Maria Louisa, and her son the Prince of Parma., and Companion print to: A view of the Grand Triumphal Pillar.
Publisher:
Pubd. by H. Humphrey June 9th, 1815 - No. 27 St. James's St.
Subject (Geographic):
France and France.
Subject (Name):
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821, Marie Louise, Empress, consort of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1791-1847, Bonaparte, François-Charles-Joseph, Herzog von Reichstadt, 1811-1832, Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of, 1769-1852, Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von, 1742-1819, Louis XVIII, King of France, 1755-1824, Bonaparte, François-Charles-Joseph, Herzog von Reichstadt, 1811-1832., Marie Louise, Empress, consort of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1791-1847., and Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821.
Subject (Topic):
Political satire, French, Politics and government, Mushrooms, and Flowers