A scaffold extends across the foreground: Fox raises an axe to strike the neck of George III, whose head is held by Sheridan. The scaffold is surrounded by a dense and cheering mob. On the right is the gate of the 'Crown & Anchor' tavern, and from two projecting lamp-brackets swing the bodies of Queen Charlotte and Pitt. The houses of the Strand recede in perspective and terminate in Temple Bar, with two heads on spikes; clouds of smoke appear to come from burning houses east of Temple Bar. On the clouds a meretricious Liberty sits enthroned and triumphant.--British Museum catalogue
Description:
Title from caption inscribed in brown ink below image., Title inscribed twice on sheet and struck out once., Imprint statement inscribed in brown ink below title: Pubd. July 19th, 1791 by S.W. Fores No. 3 Piccadilly., Description of published Gillray print in Catalogue of prints and drawings in the British Museum. Division I, political and personal satires, v. 6, no. 7892., Description of published Gillray print in Works of James Gillray, the caricaturist with the history of his life and times / edited by Thomas Wright. London : Chatto and Windus, [1873?], p. 130., and A 'counterprint' or transfer in brown ink appears on the verso of the mount from another print: A Birmingham toast, as given on the 14th of July by the Revolution Society.
Subject (Name):
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820, Charlotte, Queen, consort of George III, King of Great Britain, 1744-1818, Pitt, William, 1759-1806, Fox, Charles James, 1749-1806, Tooke, John Horne, 1736-1812, Priestley, Joseph, 1733-1804, Wray, Cecil, Sir, 1734-1805, and Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816
Subject (Topic):
Decapitations, Hangings (Executions), Executioners, Axes, Kings, and Crowds
"A scaffold extends across the foreground: Fox raises an axe to strike the neck of George III, whose head is held by Sheridan. The scaffold is surrounded by a dense and cheering mob. On the right is the gate of the 'Crown & Anchor' tavern, and from two projecting lamp-brackets swing the bodies of Queen Charlotte and Pitt. The houses of the Strand recede in perspective and terminate in Temple Bar, with two heads on spikes; clouds of smoke appear to come from burning houses east of Temple Bar. On the clouds a meretricious Liberty sits enthroned and triumphant. The King's neck rests on a narrow block, his shaved head appears bald, his legs are held up by Horne Tooke, who stands on the left, saying: "O, such a day as this, so renown'd so victorious, Such a day as this was never seen Revolutionists so gay; - while Aristocrats notorious, Tremble at the universal glee." From Tooke's pocket projects a paper: 'Petition of Horne Tooke' (against the return of Fox and Hood for Westminster, see British Museum Satires No. 7690). The King, who supports himself on his hands, says, "What! What! What! - what's the matter now". Fox, enormously stout, straddles behind the King, full face his axe raised in both hands; he wears a mask with large circular eye-holes and fox's ears; he says: "Zounds! what the devil is it that puts me into such a hell of a Funk? - damn it, it is but giving one good blow, & all is settled! - but what if I should miss my aim! - ah! it's the fear of that which makes me stink so! - & yet, damnation! what should I be afraid of? if I should not succeed, why nobody can find me out in this Mask, any more than the Man who chop'd the Calf's-head off, a Hundred & Forty Years ago - and so here goes!" Sheridan kneels in profile to the left holding the King by the ear and nose, he looks up at Fox with a sinister scowl, saying, "Hell & Damnation, dont be afraid give a home stroke, & then throw off the Mask - Zounds, I wish I had hold of the Hatchet." Priestley, behind Sheridan, leans towards the King, saying, "Don't be alarmed at your situation, my dear Brother; we must all dye once; and, therefore what does it signify whether we dye today or tomorrow - in fact, a Man ought to be glad of the opportunity of dying, if by that means he can serve his Country, in bringing about a glorious Revolution: - & as to your Soul, or any thing after death don't trouble yourself about that; depend on it, the Idea of a future state, is all an imposition: & as every thing here is vanity & vexation of spirit, you should therefore rejoice at the moment which will render you easy & quiet". He holds a paper: 'Priestley on a Future State'. Sir Cecil Wray stands with his right hand on Sheridan's shoulder, saying, "Here do give me a little room Joseph that I may be in readiness to catch the droppings of the Small Beer when it is tapp'd; I never can bear to see the Small Beer wasted Joseph!" He holds in his left hand a small cask, 'For Small Beer', and a large pipe; in his pocket is a paper: 'Plan of Chelsea Hospital by Sir Ceci[l] Wray'. The Queen is cruelly caricatured; she swings against Pitt, who is in a death agony with crisped fingers."--British Museum online catalogue
Description:
Title etched below image., Printmaker from British Museum catalogue., Sheet trimmed within plate mark., Mounted to 37 x 55 cm., and Collector's annotations on mount.
Publisher:
Pubd. July 19th, 1791, by S.W. Fores, No. 3 Piccadilly
Subject (Name):
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820, Charlotte, Queen, consort of George III, King of Great Britain, 1744-1818, Pitt, William, 1759-1806, Fox, Charles James, 1749-1806, Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816, Tooke, John Horne, 1736-1812, Priestley, Joseph, 1733-1804, and Wray, Cecil, Sir, 1734-1805
Subject (Topic):
Axes, Executioners, Hangings (Executions), and Crowds
"A scaffold extends across the foreground: Fox raises an axe to strike the neck of George III, whose head is held by Sheridan. The scaffold is surrounded by a dense and cheering mob. On the right is the gate of the 'Crown & Anchor' tavern, and from two projecting lamp-brackets swing the bodies of Queen Charlotte and Pitt. The houses of the Strand recede in perspective and terminate in Temple Bar, with two heads on spikes; clouds of smoke appear to come from burning houses east of Temple Bar. On the clouds a meretricious Liberty sits enthroned and triumphant. The King's neck rests on a narrow block, his shaved head appears bald, his legs are held up by Horne Tooke, who stands on the left, saying: "O, such a day as this, so renown'd so victorious, Such a day as this was never seen Revolutionists so gay; - while Aristocrats notorious, Tremble at the universal glee." From Tooke's pocket projects a paper: 'Petition of Horne Tooke' (against the return of Fox and Hood for Westminster, see British Museum Satires No. 7690). The King, who supports himself on his hands, says, "What! What! What! - what's the matter now". Fox, enormously stout, straddles behind the King, full face his axe raised in both hands; he wears a mask with large circular eye-holes and fox's ears; he says: "Zounds! what the devil is it that puts me into such a hell of a Funk? - damn it, it is but giving one good blow, & all is settled! - but what if I should miss my aim! - ah! it's the fear of that which makes me stink so! - & yet, damnation! what should I be afraid of? if I should not succeed, why nobody can find me out in this Mask, any more than the Man who chop'd the Calf's-head off, a Hundred & Forty Years ago - and so here goes!" Sheridan kneels in profile to the left holding the King by the ear and nose, he looks up at Fox with a sinister scowl, saying, "Hell & Damnation, dont be afraid give a home stroke, & then throw off the Mask - Zounds, I wish I had hold of the Hatchet." Priestley, behind Sheridan, leans towards the King, saying, "Don't be alarmed at your situation, my dear Brother; we must all dye once; and, therefore what does it signify whether we dye today or tomorrow - in fact, a Man ought to be glad of the opportunity of dying, if by that means he can serve his Country, in bringing about a glorious Revolution: - & as to your Soul, or any thing after death don't trouble yourself about that; depend on it, the Idea of a future state, is all an imposition: & as every thing here is vanity & vexation of spirit, you should therefore rejoice at the moment which will render you easy & quiet". He holds a paper: 'Priestley on a Future State'. Sir Cecil Wray stands with his right hand on Sheridan's shoulder, saying, "Here do give me a little room Joseph that I may be in readiness to catch the droppings of the Small Beer when it is tapp'd; I never can bear to see the Small Beer wasted Joseph!" He holds in his left hand a small cask, 'For Small Beer', and a large pipe; in his pocket is a paper: 'Plan of Chelsea Hospital by Sir Ceci[l] Wray'. The Queen is cruelly caricatured; she swings against Pitt, who is in a death agony with crisped fingers."--British Museum online catalogue
Description:
Title etched below image., Printmaker from British Museum catalogue., Sheet trimmed within plate mark., 1 print : etching, hand-colored, on laid paper ; sheet 353 x 502 mm., Imperfect; sheet trimmed within plate mark with loss of imprint., and Watermark: A. Stace 18[...?].
Publisher:
Pubd. July 19th, 1791, by S.W. Fores, No. 3 Piccadilly
Subject (Name):
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820, Charlotte, Queen, consort of George III, King of Great Britain, 1744-1818, Pitt, William, 1759-1806, Fox, Charles James, 1749-1806, Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816, Tooke, John Horne, 1736-1812, Priestley, Joseph, 1733-1804, and Wray, Cecil, Sir, 1734-1805
Subject (Topic):
Axes, Executioners, Hangings (Executions), and Crowds
"A scaffold extends across the foreground: Fox raises an axe to strike the neck of George III, whose head is held by Sheridan. The scaffold is surrounded by a dense and cheering mob. On the right is the gate of the 'Crown & Anchor' tavern, and from two projecting lamp-brackets swing the bodies of Queen Charlotte and Pitt. The houses of the Strand recede in perspective and terminate in Temple Bar, with two heads on spikes; clouds of smoke appear to come from burning houses east of Temple Bar. On the clouds a meretricious Liberty sits enthroned and triumphant. The King's neck rests on a narrow block, his shaved head appears bald, his legs are held up by Horne Tooke, who stands on the left, saying: "O, such a day as this, so renown'd so victorious, Such a day as this was never seen Revolutionists so gay; - while Aristocrats notorious, Tremble at the universal glee." From Tooke's pocket projects a paper: 'Petition of Horne Tooke' (against the return of Fox and Hood for Westminster, see BMSat 7690). The King, who supports himself on his hands, says, "What! What! What! - what's the matter now". Fox, enormously stout, straddles behind the King, full face his axe raised in both hands; he wears a mask with large circular eye-holes and fox's ears; he says: "Zounds! what the devil is it that puts me into such a hell of a Funk? - damn it, it is but giving one good blow, & all is settled! - but what if I should miss my aim! - ah! it's the fear of that which makes me stink so! - & yet, damnation! what should I be afraid of? if I should not succeed, why nobody can find me out in this Mask, any more than the Man who chop'd the Calf's-head off, a Hundred & Forty Years ago - and so here goes!" Sheridan kneels in profile to the left holding the King by the ear and nose, he looks up at Fox with a sinister scowl, saying, "Hell & Damnation, dont be afraid give a home stroke, & then throw off the Mask - Zounds, I wish I had hold of the Hatchet." Priestley, behind Sheridan, leans towards the King, saying, "Don't be alarmed at your situation, my dear Brother; we must all dye once; and, therefore what does it signify whether we dye today or tomorrow - in fact, a Man ought to be glad of the opportunity of dying, if by that means he can serve his Country, in bringing about a glorious Revolution: - & as to your Soul, or any thing after death don't trouble yourself about that; depend on it, the Idea of a future state, is all an imposition: & as every thing here is vanity & vexation of spirit, you should therefore rejoice at the moment which will render you easy & quiet". He holds a paper: 'Priestley on a Future State'. Sir Cecil Wray stands with his right hand on Sheridan's shoulder, saying, "Here do give me a little room Joseph that I may be in readiness to catch the droppings of the Small Beer when it is tapp'd; I never can bear to see the Small Beer wasted Joseph!" He holds in his left hand a small cask, 'For Small Beer', and a large pipe; in his pocket is a paper: 'Plan of Chelsea Hospital by Sir Ceci[l] Wray'. The Queen is cruelly caricatured; she swings against Pitt, who is in a death agony with crisped fingers."--British Museum online catalogue
Description:
Title from caption below image., Printmaker from British Museum catalogue., Plate numbered "57" in upper right corner., Restrike for Bohn's "Supressed plates". Cf. no. 7892 in the Catalogue of prints and drawings in the British Museum. Division I, political and personal satires, v. 6., On same sheet, verso: Alecto and her train at the gate of Pandaemonium ..., and Printed 1851.
Publisher:
Pubd. July 19th, 1791, by S.W. Fores, No. 3 Piccadilly
Subject (Name):
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820, Charlotte, Queen, consort of George III, King of Great Britain, 1744-1818, Pitt, William, 1759-1806, Fox, Charles James, 1749-1806, Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816, Tooke, John Horne, 1736-1812, Priestley, Joseph, 1733-1804, and Wray, Cecil, Sir, 1734-1805
Jesuits treatment of his friends, Jesuit's treatment of his friends, and Ins and outs
Description:
Title from item., Sheet trimmed mostly within plate mark., Temporary local subject terms: Vehicles: coaches -- St. James's Palace -- Bonnet rouge -- Emblems: tricolor cockade -- Emblems: olive branch & dove -- Cobblestones., and Watermark: Strasburg bend.
Publisher:
Pub. by S.W. Fores, Piccadilly
Subject (Name):
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820, Lansdowne, William Petty, Marquis of, 1737-1805, Pitt, William, 1759-1806, Melville, Henry Dundas, Viscount, 1742-1811, Fox, Charles James, 1749-1806, and Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816
"Five heads surround a taper whose flame is the head in profile to the left of George III. The taper rises from the centre of a crown which rests on a tasselled cushion in the foreground. On the left is Sheridan in profile, his face disfigured by drink, puffing angrily; next is Fox facing three-quarter length to the right, with a fierce expression. Next is the Prince of Wales, alarmed and rather fierce; beside him is Mrs. Fitzherbert, wearing breeches round her shoulders, one leg terminating in a garter inscribed 'Honi Soit...' The ribbon of her night-cap is decorated with the Prince's feathers and 'Ich dien'. On the extreme right is Grey, puffing intently, his blast directed at the back of the King's head. All the others puff awry, and the light burns steadily. All the men wear night-caps and shirts open at the neck."--British Museum online catalogue
Description:
Title etched below image., Not by Isaac Cruikshank. See British Museum catalogue., Date of imprint from British Museum catalogue., Sheet trimmed within plate mark., Publisher's announcement following imprint: Where may be seen the largest collection of caratures [sic] in the world. Admitnce 1shg., and Mounted to 33 x 37 cm.
Publisher:
Pub. Octr. 3 by S.W. Fores, N. 3 Piccadilly
Subject (Geographic):
Great Britain.
Subject (Name):
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820, George IV, King of Great Britain, 1762-1830, Fitzherbert, Maria Anne, 1756-1837, Fox, Charles James, 1749-1806, Grey, Charles Grey, Earl, 1764-1845, and Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816
Subject (Topic):
France, History, Foreign public opinion, British, Regency, and Sleepwear
"The Prince of Wales lies in bed asleep, clasping a pillow with a rapt expression, his closed eyes directed towards a vision of the Princess Caroline who leans towards him floating on clouds, a radiant beauty with outstretched arms. A winged figure with the torch of Hymen (right) holds up her draperies, while a cupid with bow and arrows flying above the Princess's head holds up the heavy curtains of the four-post bed. On the left, also emerging from clouds, the King and Queen, caricatured, crouch over the Prince's bed. The former, a grotesque figure, holds out a large money-bag inscribed '£150000 Pr Annm'. The Queen holds out a book: 'The Art of getting Pretty Children'. Both have expressions of avid delight. On the left and among clouds persons flee in alarm at the approach of the bride: Fox scattering dice from a dice-box, Sheridan as a bearded Jew wearing a broad-brimmed hat. Above them are three women: the most prominent, Mrs. Fitzherbert, with clasped hands; next (?) Lady Jersey, and between and behind them a young woman wearing a cap (cf. BMSat 8611). Above their heads two tiny jockeys gallop off, indicating that the Prince will give up the turf (cf. BMSat 7918, &c). From the foot of the bed (left), which extends diagonally across the design from right to left, rolls a cask of 'Port' on which an infant Bacchus with the head and clumsy figure of Lord Derby is seated astride; he is about to fall, dropping his glass. On the head of the bed is the Prince's coronet with feathers. Beside it (right) is a chamber-pot in which is a bottle of 'Velno' (see BMSat 7592)."--British Museum online catalogue
Description:
Title etched below image., Text below title: "A thousand virtues seem to lackey her, driving far off each thing of sin & guilt." Milton., Sheet trimmed within plate mark., and Temporary local subject terms: Mythology: Hymen's torch -- Bacchus -- Medicine: velno -- Coronets: George IV's coronet -- Emblems: Prince of Wales's feathers -- Cupids -- Bags of money -- Jews -- Furnishings: bed curtains -- Barrels -- Alcohol: port -- Gambling: dice-box.
Publisher:
Pubd. Jany. 24th, 1795, by H. Humphrey, No. 37 New Bond Street
Subject (Name):
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820, George IV, King of Great Britain, 1762-1830, Charlotte, consort of George III, King of Great Britain, 1744-1818, Caroline, Queen, consort of George IV, King of Great Britain, 1768-1821, Fitzherbert, Maria Anne, 1756-1837, Jersey, Frances Villiers, Countess of, 1753-1821, Fox, Charles James, 1749-1806, and Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816
Title etched below image., Printmaker from British Museum catalogue., Mounted to 30 x 42 cm., Watermark., and Printseller's identification stamp in lower right corner of sheet: S·W·F.
Publisher:
Published Feb. 20, 1806 by S.W. Fores, 50 Piccadilly, London
Subject (Name):
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820, Fox, Charles James, 1749-1806, Grenville, William Wyndham Grenville, Baron, 1759-1834, Tierney, George, 1761-1830, Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816, Windham, William, 1750-1810, Ellenborough, Edward Law, Baron, 1750-1818, and Erskine, Thomas Erskine, Baron, 1750-1823
"Leaders of the Opposition (left) turn a windlass which drags towards the shore a fantastic and enormous raft laden with French troops. They push against horizontal levers which pass through the broad centre-post on which the rope is wound; on the top of this Lauderdale, in Highland dress and on a smaller scale than the others, plays the bagpipes, from which issue the words: 'Over the Water & over the Sea, And over the Raft to Charlie.' He capers to his tune; a tricolour flag flies from his instrument. The most prominent figure is Fox, advancing full-face, and looking to the raft with a satisfied smile; he says, "Pull away Citizens". Behind him, the rope between them, is Bedford in riding-dress; under his arm is a book: 'Bedford on Agriculter' (cf. BMSat 8648). Opposite Fox is Tierney, saying, "We must take care to keep clear of the Rope". From his pocket hangs a paper: 'Borough Influence' (he was M.P. for Southwark, 'the Borough', cf. BMSat 9045). Sheridan, pushing hard in profile to the left, says: "Ah! The Rope We must avoid it if possible". Norfolk, on the extreme left, puts a hand on Tierney's lever; he says: "Hark Ther's a Storm coming. I hear Thunder." They walk on a circular track by the edge of a cliff. On the ground is a large open book: 'President of the Directory CIF. [Fox] Deputy a Bedfordshire Bull [cf. BMSat 8684]'. On it lies a 'Norfolk Cheese'. Behind (left) is a gallows inscribed 'Tierney' (almost obliterated) from which hangs a corpse. In the background is a hill on the summit of which is an encampment with massed troops flying the British flag. The raft nears the shore but is about to be overwhelmed by vast waves blown up by blasts from the mouths of Dundas, the King, and Pitt, whose heads emerge from dark clouds. Dundas, in profile to the left, aims his blast at the windlass; in it (right to left) are the names: 'Jack Ketch'; 'Addington, Bond, Staples [Bow Street justices]'; 'Macnamara Fugion, Macmanus, Townsend, Jelous' [Bow Street officers or 'runners']. The King and Pitt aim directly at the raft; from the mouth of the former (full-face) issue the names 'St Vincent, Pasley, Duncan, Pellew, Nelson'; from that of Pitt (in profile to the right): 'Trollope, Thomson, Bridport, Onslow, Pringle'. In the centre of the raft is a massive fortress manned with troops; from it flies a huge tricolour flag inscribed 'Liberty and Equality'. The fort is surrounded by tents; outside there are soldiers in close formation with bayonets. The outer edge is flanked by turrets, each having a (tricolour) flag inscribed: 'Plunder'; 'Regecides Paricides'; 'Deism Atheism'; 'Robbery'; 'Murder & Ravishmt'; 'Torture'; 'Blood & Rapine'; 'Cruelty & lust'; 'Barbar[ity]'. The motive force is given by wheels worked by windmills, and by large oars. In the bows is a guillotine surmounted by a bonnet-rouge; another guillotine decorates the stern. Behind the raft (left) advance ships of war. In the foreground, flying over the agitated sea like stormy petrels, are three winged heads (right to left): Erskine, Stanhope, and (?) Thelwall. Lauderdale, Fox, Sheridan, Norfolk, and Stanhope wear bonnets-rouges."--British Museum online catalogue
Alternative Title:
Republican crew disappointed
Description:
Title etched below image., Publisher's advertisement following imprint: Folios of caricatures lent out for the evening., and Sheet partially trimmed within plate mark on top edge.
Publisher:
Published by S.W. Fores, N. 50 Piccadilly
Subject (Name):
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820, Melville, Henry Dundas, Viscount, 1742-1811, Norfolk, Charles Howard, Duke of, 1746-1815, Fox, Charles James, 1749-1806, Tierney, George, 1761-1830, Bedford, Francis Russell, Duke of, 1765-1802, Erskine, Thomas Erskine, Baron, 1750-1823, Lauderdale, James Maitland, Earl of, 1759-1839, Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816, Pitt, William, 1759-1806, Stanhope, Charles Stanhope, Earl, 1753-1816, and Thelwall, John, 1764-1834
"The King sits impassively in his badly damaged state coach, which is being assailed by a mob; facing him sit two courtiers in abject terror. Pitt (right), dressed as the coachman, drives furiously, lashing the horses, the hind legs only of the wheelers being visible on the extreme right. These are trampling on Britannia who lies prostrate, her shield and broken spear beneath her. Four footmen in striped liveries stand behind, one holding the straps; the others hold each other's waists: Loughborough, the Lord Chancellor, wearing his wig, stands next the coach; behind him is Grenville, then Dundas, wearing a plaid and with a bottle projecting from his coat-pocket. Last is Pepper Arden wearing a judge's wig. All, like Pitt, wear jockey-caps. Lord Lansdowne (right), a sansculotte, composedly fires a blunderbuss point-blank through the coach window, aiming at the King. Fox and Sheridan, facing Lansdowne, run beside the coach, holding on to it. Both are tattered ruffians brandishing clubs, but wear breeches. The other three assailants cling to the spokes of the back wheel to stop the coach: (left to right) the Duke of Grafton, neatly dressed and wearing a cocked hat with tricolour cockade, Lord Stanhope, and little Lord Lauderdale, both wearing bonnets-rouges. Behind, a sea of heads indicates the mob; they carry a tricolour flag inscribed 'Peace and Bread' and a loaf draped with black and spiked on a pitchfork. A cat, stones, and eggs shower on the coach, the crown on the top of which is broken."--British Museum online catalogue
Description:
Title etched below image., Printmaker from British Museum catalogue., Temporary local subject terms: Mob -- Attack on George III's coach on October 29, 1795 -- Coaches: royal state coach -- Crowns: broken crown -- Guns: blunderbass -- Domestic service: footmen -- Hats: jockey caps -- Bonnets rouges., and Mounted.
Publisher:
Pubd. Novr. 1st, 1795, by H. Humphrey, New Bond Street
Subject (Name):
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820, Pitt, William, 1759-1806, Lansdowne, William Petty, Marquis of, 1737-1805, Fox, Charles James, 1749-1806, Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 1751-1816, Lauderdale, James Maitland, Earl of, 1759-1839, Stanhope, Charles Stanhope, Earl, 1753-1816, Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811, Rosslyn, Alexander Wedderburn, Earl of, 1733-1805, Grenville, William Wyndham Grenville, Baron, 1759-1834, Melville, Henry Dundas, Viscount, 1742-1811, and Alvanley, Richard Pepper Arden, Baron, 1745-1804
Subject (Topic):
Assassination attempts, Britannia (Symbolic character), Carriages & coaches, Cats, Coach drivers, Crowds, Riots, Sansculottes, and Servants